Negative Effects of Gender Discrimination at Workplaces in...

Recently, gender inequality is being emphasized as an acute and persistent problem. In the USA, this is predominantly due to that fact that women are demanding their rights at workplaces. Mostly, they try harder to be appropriate and successful in their careers rather than men. ‘Differential treatment within the labor market is what we refer to as labor market discrimination’ (Ehrenberg and Smith, 2012, p398). Gender discrimination against women in the market place reduces the available talent in workplaces and has negative consequences on the country. Gender discrimination in the United States can lead to damages to the effectiveness of labor market such as unequal employment regulations, less promotion chances and unfair wage†¦show more content†¦The current orthodoxy on that delicate issue is that females are less likely to manage several people or run a company rather than males. As proposed by Catalyst (cited in Berry, D., and Bell, M., 2012, p238) males ar e dominating the top in case of inequality in economics and social authority. ‘Gender inequality in the workplace is related to the differential distribution of men and women across positions of power, prestige and responsibilities, and studies show that women are less likely than men to hold authority positions’ (Rosenfeld, et al. cited in Birkelund, G., and Sandnes, T., 2003, p204). To conclude, discernibility in promoting workers in accordance with their gender is one of the most harmful aspects of discrimination. Ultimately, unfair wage distribution is associated to be the last effect of sex discrimination. A number of studies analyse wage disparity as a consequence of occupational discrimination. ‘A recent study, for instance, finds that a woman working in an occupation where at least 75 percent of the coworkers are women earns about 14 percent less than a comparable woman working in an occupation where more than 75 percent of the coworkers are men’ (Borjas, 2010, p403). Moreover, Borjas states that in the United States, wage differential is produced by constituting a number of females in few occupations and at the same time, it diminishes the gainings of so-called women jobs (2010, p403).Show MoreRelatedWhen People Think Of Discrimination, They Tend To Think1254 Words   |  6 Pagespeople think of discrimination, they tend to think back to older times of slavery, racism, and an underdeveloped country. Sadly, discrimination actual plays a large role in the workplace of today. Discrimination is defined as â€Å"treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin color, sex, sexuality, etc.† according to the Cambridge Dictionary (Cambridge University Press 1). Discrimination comes in manyRead MoreThe Underlying Reasons For The Lack Of Female Politicians1433 Words   |  6 Pagestypes of discrimination they face because of their gender. The first premise of the op-ed will be to show that social inequality continues to exist in the form of the gender wage gap. Secondly, negative media portrayal contributes to the lack of support for female politicians. Both of these premises are useful in showing that discrimination makes it difficult for women in the political arena because they have less monetary support as well as populace rallying behind them. Lastly, gender and partyRead MoreDiscrimination Based On Sexual Orientation Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesjust system should view all people no matter what their race, gender, or social class is. In a world where Lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender people are being slandered, it is hard for them to get jobs because of their sexual preferences or how they identify. Gays and lesbians who choose to come out around â€Å"straight† people they work with will probably face at least some (if not much) discrimination. During work, â€Å"discrimination based on sexu al orientation must not be tolerated in any formRead MoreLegal Protection Has Not Prevented Women And Girls Being Discriminated Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesLegal Protection has not Prevented Women and Girls Being Discriminated Again People are very judgmental, and they make decision based on some appearance. They treat women and girls differently based on their gender. We have been seeing discrimination over female throughout the history. Women are as strong as men, and they are equally intelligence. Women and girls are being discriminated because of their sex, and their roles, the role that were known for female when human race has started. InRead MoreEssay Dispelling the Myths of Ageism3422 Words   |  14 Pagesand judged solely on the basis of their chronological age (Berger, 2008). Our western culture has embedded ageism into our everyday lives, and we may not be able to identify the ageist behavior when it occurs. Older adults are frequently given negative labels such as senile, sad, lonely, poor, sexless, ill, dependent, demented, and disabled. (McGuire, Klein, Shu-Li, 2008) It is inevitable that we will experience decline in physical and mental capacities. However, the timing, quality, and degreeRead MoreVarious Aspects and Various Types of Discrimination Essay3444 Words   |  14 Pagespeople some individual doesn’t treat some people equally and behaves very badly and think in a negative way about other people, this is called discrimination. This is one of the major problems which the whole world is facing. The purpose of my research is to study the va rious aspects and various types of discrimination and then find out who all are and how they are getting effected by this discrimination and then I will come up with dome recommendations to solve this problem. People don’t treat otherRead MoreWorkplace Diversity : The Visible Or Invisible Differences Among Employees Of An Organization1653 Words   |  7 PagesWorkforce Diversity defines the visible or invisible differences among employees of an organization and could be divided in to three major components such as Primary, Secondary and Organizational and Community. Factors such as Age, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Ethnicity represents Primary while Appearance, Educational Background, Marital Status, Work experience represents Secondary and Job position, Specialization, Nationality, Life stage represents Organizational and Community. In recent years, organizationsRead More Affirmative Action Essay1664 Words   |  7 Pageswell. Every sector in America would be equal and unprejudiced - or so proponents say. On the other hand, adopting affirmative action would force many employers to replace hard-working employees with those of less qualification simply due to their gender or ethnic background. Many people feel that affirmative action would be very beneficial to our society. They have many thought-inspiring arguments. Some claim that we owe blacks for what we took from them in the past. We gave them a setback in ourRead MorePolicy Background : Pay Fairness Act2592 Words   |  11 Pagespaper contains a background about the pay fairness act which is legislation that aims to reduce the gender wage gap in the United States. The first part will describe how the legislation started and how it has changed over time. Also, I will be showing the importance of the act and the obstacles it has faced in congress. The second part of this paper will highlight some alternatives to solving the gender wage gap problem, and I will be describing why I think the Pay Fairness Act is the best solutionRead MoreAdolescent Bullying : A Survey Measuring Adolescent s Responses Regarding Self Confidence2289 Words   |  10 Pagestext messages and the identity of the stu dent remained anonymous to the surveyor and other respondents. Students coming from Hispanic and Asian ethnicities responded being with victims of bullying due to discrimination. Key words: Adolescence bullying High school students Discrimination Victim Self-confidence Supportiveness Secureness Integrity Judgement How is it to be a target of adolescent bullying? The importance of human morale, integrity, and respect is known when a person goes

Symbolism in A Good Man is Hard to Find and Araby Essay

Symbolism In the short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, by Flannery OConnor, every object including the characters are symbols. The Grandmother for example is the one and only dynamic character, represents all of us who have had to feel grief or needed to ask for forgiveness. As Flannery OConnor has suggested, the story is a spiritual journey because of the Grandmothers quandaries. In the beginning of the story the Grandmother is obsessed with everything worldly and superficial. She cares only about how others perceive her, â€Å"Her collars and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the†¦show more content†¦He acts like a mirror. He lets whatever the Grandmother says bounce right off him. He never really agrees with her or disagrees, and in the end he is the one who kills her. His second to last line, â€Å"She would of been a good woman,† The Misfit said, â€Å"if it had been somebody there to shoot her every minute of her life,†(OConner 425). might be the way OConner felt about most of us alive, or how she felt that God must feel about us. The third, and final stage of the Grandmother is the moment of recovery. She finally sees The Misfit for who he really is, a person just like her. He is not someone who was made by his social class. He is a simple human being just like her. At this point she sees herself in relation to everyone else. S he finally realizes that her class does not make her. Society makes the class, and she just fits into it. She shows this by claiming that The Misfit could be one of her own beloved children. For the longest time in her life, she reasoned with the final judger, and her redemption all add up to the spiritual plight that we all must take in life. Everyone may not all be Christians, but the journey of spirituality applies to everyone. We all must travel it at some point. We all know it, and that makes this story common to us all. I think that â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† is written partially in order to â€Å"convert† people who have not yet fully accepted the Christian faith. O’Conner, herself obviously being a strong believer in Christianity,Show MoreRelatedGrowing Up in Dublin in The Dubliners Essay3039 Words   |  13 Pagesthe last book is called The Dead. To answer this question I am going to use three of the short stories from Dubliners; An Encounter, Araby and Eveline. I have chosen these three stories as they are near the start of the book and thus detail young peoples lives in Dublin, a feature of the book I can, as a teenager, identify with. ARABY This is the first of these stories and there are several elements within that hint at the dull lifestyle experienced by the youngRead More Analyses of Short Stories Essay examples4756 Words   |  20 Pagesthat Goodman Brown and his wife, Faith’s names symbolize that they are good, religious people and that Goodman is making up everyone being evil in his head. I found an essay by Alexa Carlson that described the symbolism in light vs. dark, forest vs. town, nature vs. human, and fantasy vs. reality. In her paper, Essay #1: Young Goodman Brown, she states that â€Å"†¦fantasy vs. reality are employed to reinforce the idea that good and evil have been set up as strict categories into which no one, notRead MoreHow to Read Lit Like a Prof Notes3608 Words   |  15 PagesYou: Acts of Communion a. Whenever people eat or drink together, it’s communion b. Not usually religious c. An act of sharing and peace d. A failed meal carries negative connotations 3. Nice to Eat You: Acts of Vampires a. Literal Vampirism: Nasty old man, attractive but evil, violates a young woman, leaves his mark, takes her innocence b. Sexual implications—a trait of 19th century literature to address sex indirectly c. Symbolic Vampirism: selfishness, exploitation, refusal to respect the autonomyRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesresolved is one within the protagonist’s psyche or personality. External conflict may reflect a basic opposition between man and nature (such as in Jack London’s famous short story â€Å"To Build a Fire† or Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea†) or between man and society (as in Richard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man†). It may also take the form of an opposition between man and man (between the protagonist and a human adversary, the antagonist), as, for example, in most detective fiction. Internal

Global and International Business Contexts Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Global and International Business Contexts Analysis. Answer: Porters National Diamond Analysis and Environmental Analysis: After the civil war in Sri Lanka tourism has become one of the largest service sectors it can be also be characterized as one of the emerging sectors as well. An efficient management of the tourism industry along with determining the possibilities of growth at the end ushers the country towards the perspectives of growth as this determines the boom of the industry. The end of the war in the middle of 2009 created thousands of new opportunities in the tourism sector, by opening up the north area of the country for the local and foreign tourists (Mustafa, 2015). The trend of tourism kept on increasing during 2010, with the passage of each month there was almost 30 percent increase in tourism as compared to that in 2009. By the end of the financial year 2010, total increase in tourism sector was accounted to be 49 percent on arrivals (Louca Suranga, 2015). The nature of Sri Lanka is physically diverse as it is surrounded by beaches, plains, wild life, rivers, it is considered ad one of the most attractive tourist spots in the world. On the other hand, the country also attracts tourists by its enchanting natural beauty along with the invaluable heritages (Buultjens et al., 2016). Therefore, Sri Lanka can be considered to be a rich country in terms of its natural beauty and heritages. Now to examine the business environment of the country as a consultancy firm, Porters National Diamond Model will be used. This will determine how wise will be the decision for a British Company to invest in the tourism sector of Sri Lanka. This report will also emphasize on the PEST analysis of the country as this helps to determine the success or failure of the strategic framework adopted by the investor and thereby redesign their strategies effectively (Gunarathna et al., 2016). The Diamond model as developed by Michael Porter helps to determine the key weaknesses of the concerned region by linking up the regional development of the area. The Porters Extended Diamond Model is constituted by four determinants and two outside forces that interact in the Diamond Competitive advantage model. At first the National Diamond model was introduced to determine the national advantage of a particular nation (Athukorala Jayasuriya, 2013). As per the Porters National Diamond model, the diamond possesses four determinants in the form of factor conditions, , associated and supportive strategy, demand conditions adopted by the firm as well as the industry, structure and rivalry. These determinants individually as well as a system generates the perspective in which the competitive advantage of a nation is determined. According to Hettiarachchi et al., (2015), the National Diamond model can be used to illustrate the weaknesses and quality of the industrys microeconomic environment effectively and efficiently. The model ahs been used to select perfect location for opening up a new hotel or resort which will be positioned perfectly to attract tourists. The model has successfully linked the regional development with he Diamond in order to determine the competitiveness. Here, in order to explain the microeconomic environment of this particular region in relation to tourism, the National Diamond model has been developed (Mustapha et al., 2014). Figure: Porters National Diamond Model (Source: Developed by Author) This Diamond as explained by Porter is a system of reinforcing forces because the effect of one determinant will affect the other three determinants of the system as well. Advantage of a determinant may affect the advantages or disadvantages of the other determinants as well (Hall Page, 2012). These four determinants are described as Demand Conditions: This factor depicts sophisticated and demanding clients which provide the local firms to initiate innovative upgradation of the offered products and services. The strategy of the firm, structure along with rivalry: This factor depicts the causes responsible for local or domestic competition. This also generates the reason for which the firms continuously seek to determine the actual need of the customers so as to cater these needs as efficiently as possible (Ariyabandu et al., 2016). Factor Conditions: According to Fernando et al., (2015), this determinant includes the capital and natural resources along with the specialized infrastructures. Furthermore, it states that if a nation possesses more specialized factor compared to the basic level, it will lead to an improvement in the microeconomic environment of that nation. Industries which are related and supportive: This determinant helps the firms to compete in a uniquely effective and innovative manner. By determining the weaknesses of these four determinants of the National Diamond model the exact location for setting up an international tourist resort can be determined (Suresh Senthilnathan, 2014). A number of weaknesses associated with the microeconomic environment of Sri Lanka have been determined which are related to the tourism industry. Factor conditions: There is a lack of specialized labor resources in the hospitality and tourism industry Another strong weakness is that, the most attractive tourist spots are not promoted effectively. In the context of accommodation or transportation the infrastructural development is inadequate. Demand conditions: There is a significant deficit of market innovations and specialized techniques for the promotion of demand by using the local resources. For example, the tea tourism can be promoted by collaborating with the railways and staring a train service through the tea estates. Promotion for tourism in this region is significantly low. The advertising activity should be enhanced in both local and foreign aspects, building up a good website or education program development will be able to attract more tourists (Hyndman, 2015). The market positioning strategies for the region should be identified properly. The strategy of the firm, structure along with rivalry: It can be clearly identified that there is a lack of proper strategy along with vision. Entrepreneurs are risk averse that is they are afraid of taking huge risk, this leads to lack of service innovations. There is rivalry among the local firms and these are also limited by the tour operators and this also gives rise to monopoly structure. Industries which are related and supportive: Significantly low numbers of supporting or related industries are present as the entrepreneurs are least interested in investing. For example, the opportunity of hiking, biking, golf, bird watching is not present (Adikari, 2013). Specialized facility of medication or tourist shopping centers is not present. Apart from these four determinants there are two outside factors present as well in the Porters National Diamond Model which are Government and chance. Government is essential in designing and implementing policy frameworks, development of industries, monitoring, implementation and designing of legal framework, maintaining the standard of products and services, development of infrastructures (Khoshnevis et al., 2015). The end of the civil war in 2009 had created a better chance for tourism in the country. There are also chance factor of tsunami and other related disasters that can affect the tourism in Sri Lanka. As per the National Diamond model developed by taking into account the present situations of tourism industry of the concerned country, policies can be designed and recommended for future for regions all across the country. There should be significant development in the infrastructure of the country as this will help to attract more tourists both local and from foreign countries as well. Promotion of tourism of the country should be effective as most of the beautiful places in this country are either undiscovered or unpopular. Therefore, initiatives are taken on the part of the government as well as from the local tourism companies (Champika Silva, 2015). Now to analyze the business environment of Sri Lanka more effectively it is quite important to develop a clear understanding about the concept of business environment. Business environment actually comprises of a mix of different forces that affects the operability of a business structure. According to Fernando (2015), the environment of business can be divided into two categories, internal business environment and external environment. The internal environment is controllable by the business and it determines the strengths and weaknesses of the business. The managerial structure, creditworthiness of the organization is sometimes also considered within the internal environment of the business (Mustafa Santhirasegaram, 2014). On the other hand, external environment can be defined as he environment that is not uncontrollable by the organization. The external environment of an industry or organization is determined by the political, economic, societal and technological factors. As thes e factors are not controllable the industry should change itself according to the situation of these factors. In this section of the report, the external environment of the tourism industry in Sri Lanka will be analyzed, in order to gain a better insight of the industry so that the British company can make its investments more profitable, The tool that examines the effect of these factors on the external environment of the industry is popularly known as the PEST analysis. Political factors: The political factors can affect the tourism sector widely. Terrorism, civil wars, political backings are some of the major political factors that constitute the political environment of the concerned country. The Board of Investments have started to develop hotels in the eastern and Northern regions of the country by providing a with tax holiday on any project which involves a minimum level of investment of five hundred thousand US dollars (Biller Nabi, 2013). The government of Sri Lanka is also engaged in developing infrastructures, such as construction of roads, ports and new airports etc. lack of skilled man power, civil war and distracted terrorism are also some political factors that adversely affect the tourism industry of Sri Lanka. The country is also having some relational problem with some countries which can adversely affect the import and export and the tourism industry as well. Therefore, these are the effects that the political factors can impose on the tourism indust ry (Hilal Mubarak, 2014). Economic Factors: The economic factors include tax rates, rate of unemployment, rate of interest etc. these factors affects the industry operations largely. In order to develop the tourism sector, the government of Sri Lanka has developed a five year strategic plan. Some of them are uplifting the foreign exchange earnings from 500 million US dollars to 2.75 billion US dollars by the end of the year 2016 (Robinson et al., 2013). Distribution of the benefits accrued from tourism industry in the society and finally, combining the tourism industry with the real economy. However, tourism industry creates direct as well as indirect opportunities of employment and therefore lack of skilled labor and poor promotional framework can become a potential threat to the industry. Societal Factors: The societal factors have also affected the tourism industry from a number of aspects. Values, tradition, cultural aspects and beliefs are some of the societal factors that constitute the social environment of the industry (Gupta Singh, 2013). Sri Lanka possesses a variety of different food culture. It ranges from rice and curry, milk rice, pittu and many more. This is another factor that attracts tourists towards Sri Lanka. Moreover, the country is a traditional and therefore tourists can also have food that belongs to their country as well. This is the key strategy that has been adopted by a number of hotels in the country. Although, there is another factor that attracts the tourists is the art and culture of the country which is based on their religious beliefs (Fernando et al., 2013). Technological Factors: Technological factors play an important role in determining the external environment of the industry. Information, techniques and processes of transforming inputs into outputs of an organization are considered as technological factors. Under the influence of globalization, the use of information technology was increasing in the tourism industry (Fernando et al., 2013). Use of information technology helps the tourism industry to reduced the costs associated with handling of information, increase the speed of information transformation and furthermore, the use of information technology has also enhanced the promotional activity of tourism as well. Therefore, it is very important to possess proper skills and technologies and involvement in multi-channel strategy for reaching the final consumer rather that depending on the foreign media. Presently, Sri Lanka is engaged in website development and providing high quality services at an affordable price. This will in turn help the tourism sector to make the most of information and communication technology. However, the cyber crime and internet hacking issues could become a potential threat to the industries as most of the hotels are doing their reservations and transactions over the internet (Fernando et al., 2013). In order to overcome this threat latest and improved security system should be used to protect the database from the hackers. These are the factors that influence the external environment of the tourism industry of Sri Lanka. As the external factors cannot be changed the industry should try to adapt to these external factors. Industrial Environment Analysis: In order to analyze the industrial environment of Sri Lanka it is necessary to acquire a broader knowledge about the industrial framework and the market structure of the country. It is also quite necessary to get acquainted about the investment climate in Sri Lanka (Irudeen Samaraweera, 2013). As per the empirics provided by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka, the country has achieved a literacy rate of 90% and has become able to supply educated workforce through its primary and secondary education. Therefore, this workforce can be trained to the best in comparison to the other available workforce. These factors combined with the high availability of cheap labor as the rate of unemployment is very high, will benefit the investors (Assaf et al., 2015). This is because the investors will be able to acquire highly productive labor at a cheaper rate and thereby increase their productivity. As a part of the national economic development policy the country has also implemented incentive schemes for investors. With the passage of time the successive governments of Sri Lanka have also liberalized various aspects in order to smooth the path of foreign investment. After the establishment of Greater Colombo Economic Commission (GCEC) in 1978, the framework of investment incentives were broadened later in 1992 the GCEC were restructured and named as Board of Investment of Sri Lanka (Assaf et al., 2015). With the objective of improving the policy environment a number of steps have been taken forward. First and foremost among them is permitting the total foreign ownership in all the areas of the economy. Secondly, there are no bindings on the repatriation of income, capital and fees and in the case foreign exchange as well. Thirdly, the constitution of the country guarantees the safety of foreign investment (Assaf Tsionas, 2015). Next, an efficient and effectively designed legal and legislative framework is established within the economy. It protects the property rights, settlement of disputes caused by the arbitration as well as the company law. Fifth, the country has established a bilateral investment protection agreement with 23 countries and a double tax benefit agreement with 28 countries. Finally, the most important among all is that the applicable incentives as stated in those agreements cannot be changed by the successive governments (Irudeen Samaraweera, 2013). Now, in order to analyze the industrial environment it is essential to know the objectives of these incentives which are offered to the investors, the primary objective of these incentives is to promote the diversification of the industries and services of Sri Lanka by focusing on enhanced technologies and value addition (Kallesoe De Alvis, 2016). Secondly, promotion of investments in the large scale projects with special focus on the infrastructural development. Thirdly and finally, exploit the localized opportunities and the comparative advantages of Sri Lanka. Therefore, it can be said that the industrial environment of Sri Lanka is quite favorable for the foreign as well as local investors. The investors are faced with a number of market entry modes. The decision on determining the way to enter a market can significantly affect the outcome of the investment (Kallesoe De Alvis, 2016). There are four ways of entering foreign market exporting, licensing, joint venture and foreign direct investment. The method of exporting simply involves directly selling the domestically produced goods or services in the foreign market. This is a traditional and popular way of expanding the business in another country (Irudeen Samaraweera, 2013). The advantage of this method is that since the production of the goods does not require tom be produced in the targeted foreign country, there is no need to invest in the foreign production facilities. Licensing method is also another process of entry in the foreign market. It actually permits a company in the targeted foreign market to use a property of the concerned licensor. The property is mainly intangible such as patent, trademark or advanced production technique. The licensee or the user of the property pays a lump sum amount for this to the licensor. Another way entering the foreign market is joint venture that is by investing in the foreign market by collaborating with a local organization. Finally another way to enter into the foreign market is to use Foreign Direct Investment; it provides direct ownership of properties and facilities in the targeted foreign country (Irudeen Samaraweera, 2013). The foreign direct investment also known as FDI involves direct transfer of resources such as capital, technology as well as human capital. Direct foreign investment may made by acquiring an existing entity in the targeted foreign market or setting up a new enterprise. The advantages of foreign direct investment are it provides the investor a sharp control over the operations in the foreign country (Kallesoe De Alvis, 2016). It also provides a better protection of the investors capital. Moreover, foreign direct invest in this case of Sri Lanka will help the organization to develop better understanding of the host market and the company will be able to adapt products developed for the market and respond to the market shocks accordingly. The foreign direct investment will be much more appropriate than the other entry strategies as the government of Sri Lanka is very friendly towards the foreign investors (Kallesoe De Alvis, 2016). It has also developed a number of policies and incentive schemes for protecting and attracting a significantly large number of investors in the country. Therefore adapting the strategy of foreign direct investment will be appropriate for the investor as this will provide protection and guarantee of profitability. There are a number of disadvantages as well. The process of foreign direct investment is a costly one. The political and economic factors become more influential on the policy of foreign direct investment. Contemporary Management Issues: From the first part of the assignment it is clear that the infrastructural development in Sri Lanka is still inadequate. The country is still lagging far behind the other tourist destinations. Therefore, the investor should go for a proper management of the tourists amenities and transport facilities so as to ensure that the tourists do not feel uncomfortable (Lokuhetty et al., 2013). In order to ensure efficient transport facility the organization may provide a complimentary pick up and drop facility from the airport at least up to a certain distance. This will certainly increase the satisfaction level of the customers. Moreover, it has been observed that there is a lack of adventure sports facilities in the concerned region; the organization may also start an organization on its own responsibility (Irudeen Samaraweera, 2013). This may include jet skiing, hiking at a low altitude or biking etc (Assaf Tsionas, 2015). In a beautiful place like Sri Lanka it will definitely help to at tract more tourists. Finally, in the case of industrial environment it has also been observed that though the business environment is favorable for the foreign investors, it will not be perfect to adopt any other method rather than FDI. The government of Sri Lanka is very supportive towards the foreign as well as the local investors (Rauf, 2014). However, the investors if adopt export or joint venture policy it may not be beneficial to them. This is because as there are a number of local agencies the competition level will be high and if direct supervision is not present the project will not be profitable. 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(2014). Empirical investigation of the relationship between tourism receipts and sustainable economic growth in Sri Lanka.Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences,5(7), 131. Mustapha, M. S. N., Lewangamage, C. S., Thompson, L. M. (2014). Rapidly Deployable Structures For The Tourism Industry In Sri Lanka. Rauf, F. A. (2014). Environmental Strategic Factor Analysis of the Tourism Industry in the South Coastel Part of Sri Lanka.Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences,5(5), 426. Robinson, R. N., Ritchie, B. W., Kralj, A., Solnet, D. J., Baum, T., Ford, R. C. (2013). An Asia-Pacific coreperiphery futures paradox: Divergent worker and tourist mobilities.Journal of Travel Research, 0047287513513164. Suresh, J., Senthilnathan, S. (2014). Relationship between Tourism and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka.Published as the 7th chapter of a book entitled Economic Issues in Sri Lanka compiled by Dr. S. Vijayakumar, 115-132.

Is It Time to Hire a Content Strategist

Online content is a key part of any business’s marketing strategy, but any business will find it hard to achieve their marketing goals without a clear content strategy. According to Marketing Profs and the Content Marketing Institute, 63 percent of businesses don’t have a documented content strategy. This is where a content strategist comes in. With only 42 percent of companies having a designated content strategist, brands that choose to have one on their team can gain a competitive advantage. What is a Content Strategist? A content strategist can be thought of as the architect of a business’s content marketing plan. Their job is to ensure the efficient delivery of useful and engaging online content to potential and existing customers. To develop a successful content strategy, they need to understand a business, its marketing goals, and the needs of its target audience. What Are the Main Tasks of a Content Strategist? The duties of a content strategist will vary from one business to the next, but there are some common tasks they’ll be responsible for: Assessing Existing Content A content strategist will identify where content is located, how it’s designed, how it functions, and where improvements can be made. They’ll determine whether the content is designed with the target audience and search engines in mind, and ensure it is consistent across all online channels. The role will also involve meeting team members across different departments to develop promotional strategies, find content gaps, and look at how to refresh older content. Setting Guidelines They’ll ensure that all team members are aware of a brand’s editorial strategy. This involves creating and maintaining an editorial calendar and giving team members a content style guide: †¢ Clarifies the style and tone of all brand content. †¢ Identifies audience demographics and personas. †¢ Gives details on preferred content formats and delivery channels. Delivering Content Each type of content needs to be presented appropriately, based on research and experience. A content strategist will determine the best content distribution channels, understand how to tailor content to each channel, and will know when and how often to publish content. A content strategist may not write on a daily basis, but they may have to jump in and create content when necessary. Editing Editing is more than cutting words and optimizing phrases. It’s about understanding what should be rewritten or discarded according to analytics data and content performance. Analyzing Content Performance Content strategists must be able to use analytics tools to measure content performance according to marketing goals. They will spot weaknesses in specific areas and plan new strategies where appropriate. Budget Responsibilities As well as knowing how to improve content marketing ROI by focusing on the right organic channels, a content strategist will be familiar with paid content strategies. These include search engine marketing, social media ads, display advertising, and native advertising. What Makes Someone a Good Content Strategist? The best content strategists will possess certain qualities that enable them to achieve greater content marketing success. Look out for someone who has the following: Campaign Experience A good candidate will have years of content marketing experience. They’ll be familiar with planning and executing content campaigns, and will, therefore, have a more instinctive feel for what will and won’t work. Having a background in your specific industry is a bonus. They’re more likely to care about your business and understand your target market. Multitasking and Organizational Skills A brand’s content marketing success depends on a clear strategy. You need someone who can plan effectively, lead projects, and keep projects on track without compromising quality. A content strategist needs to be constantly aware of content performance. What are people engaging with? Which pieces of content drive conversions? This requires knowledge of analytics tools and how to interpret data. Collaboration Skills Not everyone will appreciate the importance of content marketing. Content strategists need to be able to demonstrate to others the power of content marketing and also promote team collaboration. An Ability to Remain Calm Under Pressure Managing tight schedules isn’t always easy, so a strategist needs to keep their composure when deadlines are tight and conflicts emerge. They should also be able to adapt quickly to unpredictable events. Remaining in control doesn’t mean that they shouldn’t take risks; the best content strategists are always willing to test exciting new strategies to maximize results. Copywriting Skills Being able to craft engaging content is key to effective content marketing, so having great copywriting skills is a major advantage. Knowing how to tell a great story and persuade readers through colourful language is a valuable skill. Is It Time to Hire a Content Strategist? Only 35 percent of B2C marketers believe their content marketing strategy is very effective. A content strategist will map out a content plan that delivers the right content to your existing audience and potential customers. They’ll strengthen your content strategy by defining your marketing objectives, competitive advantages, and unique brand voice. If you want to ensure all the ingredients of your digital content work together, you should definitely consider hiring a content strategist. It will strengthen your brand’s online presence for years to come.

Sport Management Liability and Negligence free essay sample

Stevenson. Court (Lord Atkins- Judge for the case) stated that the manufacturer owed a duty of care to the customer. As a result of this breach, the courts found, that Mr. S was liable to pay damages to Mrs. D in the duty of care. So how is this relevant to sport? Sport organisers owe a duty of care, to anybody involved in the event, which is employees/ participants and spectators. They must be mindful of that duty, because any breach may result in being sued for damages. 2. Key terms addressed These are the key terms in understanding negligence and liability. It is essential the sport organiser is familiar with them, because he or she has a responsibility to provide a safe environment for example. They must know what their duty of care encompasses and must know what would breach that duty. I am aware that the sport event organiser has a responsibility to the participants/ employees and spectators, but throughout this presentation I will be focusing on a number of cases, where sport event organisers were found liable for negligence towards spectators. We will write a custom essay sample on Sport Management Liability and Negligence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. The role of a sport event organiser: The sport event organiser duty of care encompasses three areas. 1. The minimisation of risks 2. Putting into place the appropriate safety measures. 3. And as far as possible to prevent an incident, and if one occurs to limit the damage. 4. Relevant legislation underpinning the organisation of sporting events Occupier’s Liability Act (1957)- In law sport event organisers represent the occupier, so they can be bound by the occupiers liability act. To some degree they can limit there liability to spectators by making spectators aware of dangers, e. g. isplaying warning signs, limiting the number of spectators, efficient stewarding. Safety at Sports ground (1975): The Ibrox Stadium Disaster occurred in 1971, during a game between Rangers and Celtic. There was a late goal, so the spectators that were leaving rushed back, and in the insuring crush, the barriers collapsed and 66 supporters died. The act now requires major sporting events to obtain a certificate of safety before event s. Unfair contract terms act (1977): Before this legalisation was put in place organisers were able to get away with murder literally. White v Blackmore (1972) – Mr White, a spectator was killed, at a motor racing event. Organisers were found not liable because of a warning sign at the entrance to the ground, which stated that motorsport is dangerous. The Fire Safety and Safety At Places of Sport Act (1987 🙂 In 1985, 56 spectators died at Bradford city football club, following a fire where trapped spectators were unable to escape through exits that were locked. This case highlighted the importance of carrying out a fire risk assessment before an event. Since then statuary fire risk assessments have ensured that protocols are put in place to protect the safety of spectators at all sporting events. 5. Repercussions suffered for being unable to fulfil a duty of care To establish negligence 4 elements must be satisfied Number One . The standard of care: Waitemata Pony Club failed to meet the standard of care, because they did not ensure a safe enclosure for horses that were not competing. This resulted in Evans being injured by a runaway pony. Number Two. 2. A breach of duty: Schwilm v. Pennsylvania Sports [1952]- A women sitting behind the goal at a ice hockey game. Struck in the head with a puck, that had passed through the barriers. Awarded $2,500 in compensation even though she assumed risks of going to an ice hockey match, she had a right to rely on the barriers to protect her. Number 3: Causation: An example of this was Langham v Connell Point Rovers Soccer Club [2005] A spectator was awarded ? 145,000 after tripping over a loose rope in a car park attending a soccer match. The rope was a similar colour o the dirt in the car and this caused it to be invisible. Number 4: Injury: A case illustrating this element is Klyne v Bellegrade [1978]: Organisers were held liable when a spectator suffered serious injury after being struck by an ice hockey stick, whilst standing in an unprotected aisle alongside the rink. 6. Limiting Liability: There are limits to the imposition of liability on a sport organiser. There are also limits of liability on the sport organiser. So for instance there is a voluntary Assumption of Risk- Limit the liability of organisers where there is an inherent risk. At county cricket grounds organisers take the precautions of informing spectators via the match ticket that there is a possibility that cricket balls may be hit into the crowd (i. e. If a batsman scores a six . ) Secondly there is Contributory Negligence- The organiser would have to show that the spectator was negligent in the actions they took and contributed to their injuries. If this is the case, the defendant will be relieved of some responsibility for damages. (James, 2010). Harris v Bulldogs Rugby League Club [2006] Rugby club was not held liable when a spectator was injured by a fire cracker. This was because they had already fulfilled all of there safety obligations in carrying out safety checks and searches. 7. Importance of risk management: Effective sport event organisation requires organisers to reduce the risks surrounding a sport event as far as possible. This is achieved by detailed risk assessments, and the formulation of a management plan. Risk assessments are based on legislation such as the Occupiers liability act (1957), the Safety at Sport Grounds Act (1975) and the Fire Safety and Safety at Places of Sport Act (1987). The assessment will identify the people involved which are spectators and employees. The likely hood of the risk, severity of the risk will be analysed, the and finally the control measures to put into place, (minimise any risk). The Safety of Sports Grounds Advisory Group: Although no law was enacted, following the Hillsborough Disaster of 1989, the government appointed Lord Chief Justice Taylor to, make recommendations regarding the safety at sporting events. The final section of the his report, recommended advisory groups comprising of sport event organisers, local authorities and emergency services cooperating to ensure the safety of spectators at sporting events. . Conclusion So where does this leave the sport event organiser? To be a successful sport event organiser, an understanding of the law negligence and liability is essential. The disasters of the past have provided some of the legalisation upon which current sport event organisers are able to assess and manage risk. Because of there very nature, accidents will still happen at sporting events but by recog nising the need for careful planning, organisers are now able to reduce the cases of negligence and make sporting events safer for spectators to enjoy.

Constatin Sergeyevich Stanislavski essays

Constatin Sergeyevich Stanislavski essays I. Constatin Sergeyevich Stanislavski: Who was he? Born in 1863 in Moscow, Russia, Constatin Sergeyevich Stanislavski is known for pioneering many of the acting concepts and methods that are used in todays world of acting. It is said that Stanislavski had the greatest effect on acting more so than anyone else in the 20th Century. From his ripe teenage years, Stanislavski was involved in theatrical productions in hopes of attaining his status as a respected actor in the performance community. Over a time span of 40 years he was involved in many facets of the performing arts which ranged from producing and directing plays to analyzing and understanding the meaning of acting. Stanislavski earned international recognition during his lifetime for all of his contributions to the acting genre. However, in the United States and beyond, his legacy lives on today and is demonstrated by some of the greatest performers of the 21st Century who follow his guidelines and concepts. There are a plethora of books and research relating to Stanislavski and his acting method, many of which he wrote during his lifetime. Many today follow his acting methods and comb through his concepts with a fine toothcomb in order to try to fully understand his viewpoints. Complex and intricate as some of his ideas may have been, they have proven time after time to mesh extraordinarily well in relationship to acting. It is especially important to recognize that Stanislavski focused a great deal on the psychological aspects of acting and not just the physical state of acting. Naturalism was of specific importance to Stanislavski and that is the main focus of this paper. There is such a multitude of areas that Stanislavski has written about, it is necessary to zoom in and focus on one specific angle in his areas of research in order to begin to understand what this man was about. I have felt there was nothing for me to do excep...

Cadbury (Pre and Post Merger Performance Evaluation) Coursework

Cadbury (Pre and Post Merger Performance Evaluation) - Coursework Example Prior to the acquisition, the Cadbury operations and activities were narrowly streamlined along a consistent pattern. They were limited to the main stream markets, with no major expansion in the new and unexplored markets, with focus on core strategy, and little element of innovation on display, although this all served well and Cadbury still enjoyed success, fame and glory in the market, yet there is no limit to success and glory, and more can be added any time. This was to be added in form of the Kraft’s overtake, that adopted a change in management style, the business patterns, the partnerships and expansion policy and much more that in other words gave a totally new life to Cadbury in different angles.Being one of the most notable English companies, it was very unlikely to be taken over by any foreign company; however the fears turned true in 2010 when an American based company â€Å"Kraft† took over and introduced relatively new patterns and management styles. The takeover was received in a mixed way but mostly with a relatively negative trend in social sphere. As a result of the recent change, management style, and the patterns and rules of engagement have seen a slight change with regard to the previous patterns that were operational in past. ... Recent change of Command: Being one of the most notable English companies, it was very unlikely to be taken over by any foreign company; however the fears turned true in 2010 when an American based company â€Å"Kraft† took over (Cadbury, 2010) and introduced relatively new patterns and management styles. The takeover was received in a mixed way but mostly with a relatively negative trend in social sphere. As a result of the recent change, management style, and the patterns and rules of engagement have seen a slight change with regard to the previous patterns that were operational in past. Managing style: An international organization such as Cadbury needs a clearly defined management style and organizational activities to allow successful operational functions. Realizing its importance, Cadbury has a democratic and hierarchical management style. Each of the member enjoys complete freedom and opportunity in contributing towards the organization and making it the world’s top most chocolate selling and producing industry and organization. Hierarchy in ranks: Hierarchy is an evident form of management and leadership in most major organizations in present day. The hierarchy broadly divides the organizations in to three layers, namely top management, middle management and lower staff. Hierarchy at Cadbury is also distributed in the same manner, with top management performing the role of decision making, policy envisaging and declaration of the S.O.Ps and dealings with the international organizations and stake holders, the middle management in the industry is inducted to ensure that the top and lower management are kept intact. Post merger-acquisition scenario: Kraft engages into professional, selective and specialized processes that make them world famous and

ISIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ISIS - Essay Example ich has seized significant territories in western and northern Iraq and eastern Syria and established â€Å"caliphate† in accordance with Islamic Law, or Sharia. The history of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria goes back to 1999, which is the year when Tawhid wa al-Jihad, a militant Islamist group, was established by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in Jordan. This militant group achieved its ill name due to the numerous attacks on coalition forces, beheadings of hostages and suicide attacks held in Iraq. After the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, al-Zarqawi pledged alliance with al-Qaeda network and changed the name of the organization to al-Qaeda in Iraq (usually referred to as AQI), which became the main force of the insurgency (BBC, 2014). In 2006, the leader of the organization died, and AQI created an umbrella organization named Islamic State in Iraq. During 2006-2007, the group lost support of the population because of violent attacks committed by the members of the organization. As a result, AQI found itself in a deep crisis as it was isolated its supporters. However, 2010 can be regarded as the year of revival of the organization as its new leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, restored the capabilities and reputation of the Islamic State (BBC, 2014). It was in April 2013 that al-Baghdadi made the merge of his forces in Syria and Iraq public and announced the establishment of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. In the end of 2013, the organization focused on the conflict between the Sunni Arab community and the government and took control over Fallujah with the help of tribesmen. In June 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant seized Mosul and advanced to Baghdad. In this very month, the organization changed its name to the Islamic State, and its leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi announced the creation of caliphate, a state led by one and the only political and religious leader (BBC, 2014). There is no certain data on the area controlled by the organization. For

Multi-Level Change Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multi-Level Change - Coursework Example Meanwhile, there were two of these positions were top departmental positions. What this means was that those two positions needed to be occupied by senior employees with long years of experience in the organization’s business. The decision that was taken by the leadership was that two existing employees would be made to occupy the two top positions as a form of promotion for them. This created two new vacancies at the lower rank and three lower rank vacancies in all. Three new employees were subsequently recruited in the organization. The change created a couple of impact within the organization. At the individual level, the newly promoted employees had their human capital equipped. The promotion also served as an intrinsic motivation for them (Johnson, 2012; Gray-Toft and Anderson, 2008). All in all, their human resource base was enhanced to put up extra ordinary performance for the organization. If for nothing at all, they needed to justify their competence for the new roles that were assigned to them. At the group level also, it can be said that there was a positive impact on organizational functioning. As new group leaders who were very familiar with the existing employees, inter-personal relations became enhanced and easier (Saunders, Lewis, and Thornhill, 2003). These two major impacts at the individual and group level ensure that the whole organization experienced sharp growth as the organizational culture was upheld to (Hussey and Hussey, 2007). Thereby, there was a welcoming response to the

Self reference Criterion and importance for International marketing

Self reference Criterion and importance for International marketing Self-reference Criterion and its importance for International marketing If you take a look around yourself you will find how many goods and services are solely produced in your own country around you? Your clothes might be produced in Pakistan, your cell phone from China, your computer in Singapore; your Coffee might be from Latin America. Whatever we talk about music, clothes, movies or our soft drinks for everything there are good chances that most of these products are produced in somewhere else in the globe. This is the global market place where good price and quality is welcomed by consumers irrespective of the region of its origination. In this scenario the need is to adopt the marketing practices that are effective beyond the borders so the importance of international marketing cannot be denied. International marketing is not an easy task. The international marketer has to face many obstacles in the way to achieve his goals. One of the primary obstacles is whenever we face a problem; we react abruptly and take decisions on the basis of values, meanings, behaviors and symbols that we have taken from our own culture. This type of decisions usually do not proved to be correct, as values, meanings and all other elements of culture usually differ from country to country. This is called self-reference criterion. According to Cateora at al (2007), the self-reference criterion is when decisions are taken on the basis of experiences, values and knowledge of ones own culture. The understanding of self-reference criterion is very much important for the marketing firm that plans to enter in international markets. In local markets on the basis of self-reference criterion; the marketer can predict the future responses of customers to a particular product but in the markets of some other country or culture the responses of customers will be based on their unique cultural environment. Even when the marketing strategy for international market is developed very carefully, chances of misunderstandings cannot be entirely vanished due to many un-avoidable factors. The intervention of self-reference criterion in international marketing practices can be easily understood with the help of following examples. In an advertisement created by Nestle corporation for their Kit Kat, a voice cover of local language was used for both countries UK and Italy. In that advertisement the quack, universal language of ducks, and duck callers were used by duck hunter to attract the ducks. Meanwhile in the commercial they became frustrated and to have a cheerful break they need a Kit Kat. That advertisement could not be succeeded because of the cultural differences between the consumers culture and marketers culture. In Italy the hunting is considered as a negative act and Italian also took Kit Kat as a luxury and product. From this example we can clearly say that the success of a marketing strategy is critically based on customer understandings and its important is raised more when we talk about international marketing. In 1996 McDonalds opened seven restaurants in India. The 40% population of India is vegetarian and they do not eat meat or animal proteins. The fish, frozen meat and spicy foods were also not frequently used by remaining meat eaters. So in order to be successful in new market the McDonalds had make many changes to its prime products and needed to use separate tools and kitchens to make burgers and other products according to the needs of Indian markets. This all created many problems for the company and company had also incurred many extra costs. This example shows that how companies have to face self-referencing criterion when expanding their business in new international markets. When Unilever started its operations in Brazil and wanted to introduce detergents, the biggest issues that company faced ware that people in Brazil dont have washing machines, in rural areas people used to wash their clothes at the river and most of the population of Brazil was poor and they were very much conscious about the products. So to avoid self-reference criterion the Unilever first developed a formula of soap, they made the plastic packing of soaps to conveniently use while washing clothes on rivers and they made small packing of detergents in order to low their prices and made them affordable for maximum number of population that have low incomes. This was the most successful tool used by the company to avoid the effects of self-reference criterion and recognized the existence of this influence in our behaviors. It is argued that one can never understand deeply each and every aspect of the culture but awareness about major aspects can be obtained, and he should ask bout that he does not know and should be open enough to accept the differences. The global awareness can be used as most effective tool to control the effects of self-reference criterion and ensure the success of an international marketing campaign. The global awareness is described by the Cateora et al as to be: Objective to understand the opportunities in correct manners make correct assessments of organizations potential and design responses to the expected problems. Mostly the western companies attracted towards India due to its huge market of more than one billion population and take it as a good opportunity and market with a lot of potential but they ignore the purchasing power and low income factors of the economy of India, the inefficient media, poor distribution, poor and low standard of infrastructures and many other factors that cause the reduction in potential of this huge markets for many kind of products. Tolerant towards the differences prevail among cultures. It is referred to the understanding of differences prevail among cultures and acceptance of these differences when working in a common working place with those who belongs to different cultural group. As in Romania when some Arab businessmen came to visit the country for opportunities and a local student was attached to them as translator. She spent two week with them to visit the different Romanian cities but she could not adjust herself with their eating habits and showed the behavior of lack of tolerance for other cultures. Knowledgeable of history, cultures, general trends and real potentials of markets. The awareness of culture is very much important if one wants to know the behaviors of some particular market place. The basic element of the environment in which the company is going to start its business is culture of that place and consumer behaviors are very much influenced by this. The history of that place is very much important to understand the behaviors of consumers as past events always have great effects on the way people behave in a particular case. By analyzing the history we can understand why British were not in favor of the channel tunnel between France and Britain and why Turkish products are not liked in Greek. The understanding of market potential is important because they are varying very fast. If we see now we will find many regions of the world that showing increasing potential, many markets have emerging trends and most of the European markets have been saturated. In next twenty y ears the emerging markets from Asia will show huge potentials for future businesses. The understandings of general trends like global political, economical and social trends are very much important because growth process of the market is depend upon these trends. A good marketer will identify the market opportunities before anyone else could know them. Now it is very much clear that the success of marketing firm is very much dependant on its ability to understand the customers and even more like a life blood for firms that are operating at international level. Following are some more examples given by Housden and Lewis to develop more understanding of the concept. In China green color is used to represent the people who sells vegetables so British racing green has no chances to be successful in China. In Brunei the Yellow color is considered as royal color and its public use is not appreciated. In order to show the sorrow of death purple color is used in Mexico. In china number 8 is taken as lucky number and considered as premium number to take as number of cars but number 4 is considered vice versa. The firms operating at international level must be very much conscious about the translations of their slogans, tag lines or brand names etc in local language of that place. If they dont take it seriously it can be very harmful for their marketing campaigns. Hundred of examples can be presented about the improper selection of Brand names and designs that caused failures because of self-referencing criterion. Superpiss that is a Scandinavian dicer it cannot be translated into English properly. Pschitt is lemonade from France and cannot be advertized in Germany as its proper translation is not possible in German. Bimbo bread and Bum Crisps are brands from Spain and their advertisement is not possible in United States as their names are not acceptable there. The slogan of Pepsi Cola Come Alive with Pepsi is not acceptable in china as in Chinese it means Pepsi raises relatives from the dead. In 1966 James Lee accepted the importance of self-reference criterion for marketing firms and provided an approach of four stages in order to mitigate the biases raised by this self-referencing criterion especially in international marketing. In first step the problem is defined on the basis of culture of home country. In second step the problem should be defined again on the basis of culture of the country in which company wants to start operations without involving value judgments. Control the effects of self-referencing criterion on problem definition and analyze the problem. Then problem is redefined without the self-referencing criterion. The importance to understand the effects of self-reference criterion cannot be overlooked by the marketing firm that wants to operate at international level. It can act as life blood for the success of the marketing campaigns designed by the company and their effectiveness is based on the understanding of the campaigns developers about the culture of the host country. Knowledge of sub-cultural groups and Market segmentation The segmentation of the market involves the dividing of entire market into small customers groups who have different type of responses for different marketing strategies for particular service or product. In this way the organization can design the marketing policies according to the particular needs and requirements of each segment in order to have more profitability by more generating favorable responses than by simply applying a single marketing policy for whole market. The market segmentation is mostly done at the level of customers. But in case of international marketing sometimes markets are also segmented on the basis of whole countries by considering the aspects that are common among countries. This type of segmentation is not proved that much successful as countries have great variation in them and it is difficult to take meaningful averages. The most suitable basis that is used to segment the markets is customers and their unique response behaviors or purchasing decisions. Many factors affect the purchasing decisions of customers that are uncontrollable by them but they have indirect or direct influences on the lifestyle of customers. Culture is one of these factors that affect the consumer behaviors. It represents the shared beliefs, behaviors and meanings among the members of a society. Whatever we do is based upon these shared behaviors that are transferred in a society from one member to another. It is a wide concept and has not as much importance for marketers as the groups within the culture or sub-cultures. The subculture is consisting of members who have their own values, beliefs and customs within the society that distinguish them from others in same society. Moreover they also obey the major values, beliefs and behaviors of dominant culture of the whole society. Subculture can be defined as a separate cultural group that prevails in a society as recognizable segment. There can be different types of subcultures prevail in a society like religious subcultures, ethnic subcultures, age subcultures and disabilities subcultures. So the knowledge of subcultures is very much important for marketers while segmenting their markets in smaller groups. Because the goal of all the efforts of marketers are to convince the customers to buy their brands and a very effective tool that is usually used by them to achieve this goal is cultural representations. By using this tool it is believed that when products relates to the cultural values the customers feel more comfortable. The marketers put a lot of efforts to understand the differences and similarities prevail in these sub cultural groups. They design their marketing policies for these cultural groups and try to attract them towards the product by aligning the product with the values and beliefs of their subculture. Although it is difficult to develop effective marketing policy for different subcultures, they must put their efforts to get sufficient knowledge about the similarities and differences among these groups in order to capitalize them. The importance of knowledge of subcultures for marketers while segmenting the markets can be very well understand by discussing the example of a Cigarette manufacturer who wants design the marketing policy for the subcultures groups of United States. The whole market of United States is divided in three sub-cultural groups of African American, Hispanics and Asians. The one big common factor in Hispanics, African Americans and Asians is that they are minorities in the United States. The first ever minority that migrated to United States is African Americans and after great struggle now they are considered as an important sub-cultural group of America because of their strong influence on politics and culture. The Hispanics is the largest minority of United Stated although they could not gain that much influence on American politics and culture as African Americans. This subculture has many similarities like language, food, political views and religion but this is a highly divided subculture. Just like Hispanics, Asians is also a subculture group that is highly divided but they dont have as much similarities as Hispanics has. A big challenge for the companys marketers is to design the marketing policies that best align with the norms and values of these subcultures by indentifying the differences and similarities of these sub-cultural groups. Differences Among subcultures African Americans: African American is most organized and strong sub-cultural group of United States. However they belong to different cultures of Africa but they lived many years under ethnic discrimination and efforts of many years have united them now. Today the presence of African Americans can be seen in Music, Sports and even in Politics with great influence. Now they are considered a strong group of America and they are showing their success not only politically but also by material possessions in the form of jewelry, luxury vehicles and recognition in public. Hispanics: This is a subculture group of United States with high diversities but according to CBS News, 2003 they also have a largest population of minority in United States. They belong to more than 20 different countries and cultures. They are more concerned with religion and families and most of them belong to Catholic thoughts. The number of Hispanics is increasing due to more immigrants every year and they want acceptance in the society as a strong influential group. Asians: The challenges faced by Asian are not different from Hispanics; Asian is even more diversified subculture group because they differ in religion, language, food and even in facial features. The members of this group belongs to the countries of China, Japan, India and Thailand and these all countries differ in languages, eating habits and even in facial features. One common thing that all Asians have who immigrate to United States is that want to achieve a better lifestyle so their more intentions are towards the achievement of success and they are mostly involved in entrepreneurial activities. Marketing Strategies to Target Subcultures The knowledge of sub-cultural groups for marketers has great significance while designing marketing strategies to target these groups. As the African Americans have goals to be most successful individuals the need of the cigarette marketers is to design the strategy that focuses on assigning a sense of uniqueness, class and sophistication for all those customers who will be smoking that cigarette. So the association of the brand with any public and highly successful African American will give a very much positive response for the brand. On other hand the Hispanics more concerned with belongingness and family so the strategy that more focuses on an image of traditions and trust factors will have more positive results. The thing that needs more attentions of marketers is that this group is highly diversified group and differs in status as well. The use of language will also be very much critical towards the success of campaign for this group. In case of Asians this subculture is consid ered as low profile group and strategy that will best suit for this group will be focused on respect of individual identity and traditions. The languages used for this group will more suitable if native language will be used. The success of an effective segmentation and a good marketing strategy is highly based on the knowledge of the marketer about the subcultures prevail in the society. People belongs to different subcultures differ from each others in many terms. They differ in their languages, their ages, their eating habits, beliefs, and even in facial features. So to design a well aligned marketing strategy the marketer should have sufficient knowledge of the sub cultural groups of the society.

Recent Changes in Indian Capital Markets

Recent changes in Indian Capital markets Introduction A capital market is a market for securities (debt or equity), where business enterprises (companies) and governments can raise long-term funds. It is defined as a market in which money is provided for periods longer than a year, as the raising of short-term funds takes place on other markets (e. g. , the money market). The capital market includes the stock market (equity securities) and the bond market (debt).Money markets and capital markets are parts of financial markets. Financial regulators, such as the UK's Financial Services Authority (FSA) or the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), oversee the capital markets in their designated jurisdictions to ensure that investors are protected against fraud, among other duties. Capital markets may be classified as primary markets and secondary markets. In primary markets, new stock or bond issues are sold to investors via a mechanism known as underwriting.In the secondary ma rkets, existing securities are sold and bought among investors or traders, usually on a securities exchange, over-the-counter, or elsewhere. The primary market is the channel for creation of new securities. These securities are issued by public limited companies or by government agencies’ In the primary market, the resources are mobilized either through the public issue or through private placement route. It is a public issue if anybody and everybody can subscribe for it, whereas if the issue is made available to a selected group of persons it is termed as private placement.There are two major types of issuers of securities, the corporate entities who issue mainly debt and equity instruments and the Government (Central as well as State) who issue debt securities. These new securities issued in the primary market are traded in the secondary market. The secondary market enables participants who hold securities to adjust their holdings in response to changes in their assessment of risks and returns. Industry raises finance from the Indian capital market with the help of a number of instruments. Corporate have a choice of : – (1) Equity finance, and 2) Debt finance. Experience in the different countries has varied. Substituting equity finance for debt finance makes domestic firms less vulnerable to fluctuations in earnings or increases in interest rates. During the last decade, more than a third of the increase in net assets of large firms in Chile, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Taiwan and Thailand has been secured through equity issuance. This pattern contrasts sharply with that of the industrial countries, in which equity financing during the same period has accounted for less than 5 percent of the growth in net assets.The recent massive structural reforms on the economic and industry front in the form of de-licensing rupee convertibility, tapping of foreign funds, allowing foreign investors to come to India, have resulted, on one hand, in the qua ntum leap in activities/volume in the Indian capital market, and on the other hand and more importantly, that the Indian capital market has undergone a metamorphosis in terms of institutions, instruments, etc. The capital market in India is rightly termed as an emerging and promising capital market.The buoyancy in the capital market has appeared as a result of increasing industrialization, growing awareness globalization of the capital market, etc. Several financial institutions, financial instruments and financial services have emerged as a result of economic liberalization policy of the Government of India. Future of the capital market In the liberalized economic environment, the capital market is all set to play a highly critical role in the process of economic development.The Indian capital market has to arrange funds to meet the financial needs of both domestic and foreign resources. What is more critical is that the changed environment is characterized by cutthroat competition . Ability of enterprises to mobilize funds at cheap cost will determine their competitiveness vis-a-vis their rivals. Changes in the capital market Four sets of changes in the Indian capital market can be identified which set the market of the twenty-first century different from what obtained earlier.These can be categorized as follows:  »Introduction of new institutions  »Introduction of new instruments  »Changes in administrative control and regulatory framework  »Some recent initiatives Introduction of New Institutions The composition of the Indian capital market has undergone a total change. Till very recent times, Bombay Stock Exchange dominated the capital market in India. The daily turnover on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) alone exceeded the total turnover of all other exchanges put together.The BSE with the monopolistic claw like control over the market was posing a severe constraint on the spread and diversification of the capital market culture. It was content wi th practicing non-transparent time and resource consuming trading practices that failed to evoke confidence among new investors, both in primary and secondary market. Its trading practices were becoming somewhat totally out of tune with the ongoing communication revolution in India and worldwide. In response to this, the most important are the OTCEI and NSE.What is more important is that the NSE has worked as a catalyst of change for other exchanges, which are introducing on-line trading systems. Along with NSE, mutual funds have also emerged in the country. Different types of mutual funds catering to the needs of different types of investors have been set up in the country. The increasing growth of the capital market has witnessed the mergence of foreign institutional investors (FIIs) as significant players. Their sale and purchase decisions are already having a significant impact on the market conditions.Along with these new players, a set of new supporting institutions have also emerged on the horizon such as the Discount and Finance House of India, Securities Trading Corporation of India, Stock Holding Corporation of India, settlement and depository systems, etc. Introduction of New Instruments Capital market instruments are responsible for generating funds for companies, corporations and sometimes national governments. These are used by the investors to make a profit out of their respective markets. There are a number of capital market instruments used for market trade, including – * Stocks Bonds * Debentures * Treasury-bills * Foreign Exchange * Fixed deposits, and others Along with new institutions, new instruments have emerged on the capital market. These encompass both the domestic instruments and foreign instruments. Many new instruments of finance have already been introduced in recent years. Still, the current intensity of the Indian financial market reveals that there is a tremendous scope to deploy new financing instruments connected to eq uity, debentures, bonds, add-on products and derivatives.This may require appropriate changes in certain economic legislations and the will on the part of the Indian corporate enterprises to take risks and tune their decision-making to the investor psychology and market preferences. Changes in Rules and Regulations Responding to the changes in the environment, the administrative framework has also undergone a total overhaul. The earlier chains have been totally removed. The Controller of Capital Issues has been done away with. The Indian capital market has been left free to find its own depth and strength.However, it is a paradox of a free market economy that whenever chains are removed effective watchdogs have to be employed. This latter function has now been entrusted to the Securities and Exchange Board of India. Under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was formed as an autonomous body empowered to regulate the stock exchanges, brokers, merchant bankers, mutual funds, underwriters and various other financial advisors and market intermediaries.The two pronged fundamental objectives of SEBI became investor protection and the orderly growth of the Indian Capital Market. The SEBI has been laying down guidelines to be followed by different players in the different segments of the market. Some Recent Initiatives  »Buy-back of shares by corporate has been permitted; this will enable the promoters of Indian companies to consolidate their positions.  »Disclosure of end use of funds raised in public issue in annual statements; it will impart transparency to the manner in which the funds raised from the public are deployed.This will also impose greater accountability on companies.  »One-time waiver of capital gains tax for corporatization of stock broking tickets; this will result in speeding up the pace of professionalization of stock broking operations, which will benefit investors.  »Provi sion of nomination facility in share certificates; this will ease procedures for transfer of shares in the names of the nominee in case of death of the shareholder. In short, the capital market has witnessed metamorphic changes in recent past and is all set to meet the varied needs of the changed liberalized economic environment.Globalization and the Indian capital market With the gradual opening up of the Indian economy, increasing importance of foreign portfolio investment in the Indian markets and drastic reduction in import tariffs that has exposed Indian companies to foreign competition, Indian capital market is acquiring a global image. Till recently, participants in the Indian capital market could largely afford to ignore what happened in other parts of the world. Share prices largely behaved as if the rest of the world just did not exist.At present, in sharp contrast to recent past, Indian capital market responds to all types of external developments, like US bond yields, th e value of the peso or for that matter of any other currency, the political situation in China, or new petrochemical capacity in South Korea, etc. In short, the Indian capital market is on threshold of a new era. Gradual globalization of the market will mean four things, as follows:  »The market will be more sensitive to developments that take place abroad. There will be a power shift as domestic institutions are forced to compete with the FIIs who control the floating stock and are in control of the GDR market.  »Structural issues will come to the fore with a plain message: reform or despair.  »The individual investor in his own interest will refrain from both primary and secondary market; he will be better off investing in mutual funds. Reference http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Capital_market http://www. bostonapartments. com/loans/finance/indian-capital-market. html http://www. advancedtrading. com/infrastructure/227500220? pgno=1

Virtual Private Network

Faith, my best friend has been trying to get some online writing job. She found some good websites the only problem was her location; the services could not be offered in her country Kenya. She informed me about it and I just learned about VPN so I advised to use it. So what's a VPN? VPN stands for Virtual Private Networks. It gives you online privacy and anonymity by creating a private network from a public Internet connection. VPNs mask your Internet protocol (IP) address so your online actions are virtually untraceable. Most important, VPN services establish secure and encrypted connections too. How VPN protects your privacy? VPNs essentially create a data tunnel between your local network and an exit node in another location, which could be thousands of miles away, making it seem as if you're in another place. This benefit allows â€Å"online freedom† or the ability to access your favorite apps and websites from anywhere in the world.VPN providers.There are many choices when it comes to VPN providers. There are some VPN providers who offer free service and there are some who charge for VPN service. Paid VPN providers offer robust gateways, proven security, free software and unmatched speed.VPN protocolsThe number of protocols and available security features has grown with time but the most common protocols are:PPTP-PPTP tunnels a point-to-point connection over the GRE protocol.It is strong and can be set up on every major OS but it is not the most secure. L2TP/IPsec- It is more secure than PPTP and offers more features. L2TP/IPsec implements two protocols together to gain the best features of each; L2TP protocol creates a tunnel and IPsec provides a secure channel. This makes an impressively secure package.Open VPN- OpenVPN is an SSL-based VPN that is gaining popularity. SSL is a mature encryption protocol and OpenVPN can run on a single UDP or TCP port.The software used is open source and freely available.That's all for today for more inquiries on VPNs register on my email list for more info.

How Discrete Trial Teaching Works in ABA

How Discrete Trial Teaching Works in ABA Discrete trial training, also known as massed trials, is the basic instructional technique of ABA or Applied Behavior Analysis. It is done one to one with individual students and sessions can last from a few minutes to a couple of hours a day. ABA is based on the pioneering work of B. F. Skinner and developed as an educational technique by O. Ivar Loovas. It has proven to be the most effective and only method of instructing children with autism recommended by the Surgeon General. Discrete trial training involves presenting a stimulus, asking for a response, and rewarding (reinforcing) a response, starting with an approximation of a correct response, and withdrawing prompts or support until the child can give the response correctly. Example Joseph is learning to recognize colors. The teacher/therapist puts three teddy bear counters on the table. The teacher says, Joey, touch the red bear. Joey touches the red bear. The teacher says, Good job, Joey! and tickles him (a reinforcer for Joey). This is a very simplified version of the process. Success requires several different components. Setting Discrete trial training is done one to one. In some ABA clinical settings, therapists sit in small therapy rooms or in carrels. In classrooms, it is often enough for the teacher to place the student across a table with his or her back to the classroom. This, of course, will depend on the student. Young children will need to be reinforced for merely sitting at the table learning to learn skills and the first academic task will be the behaviors that keep them at the table and help them focus, not only sitting but also imitating. (Do this. Now do this! Good job!) Reinforcement Reinforcement is anything that increases the likelihood a behavior will appear again. Reinforcement occurs across a continuum, from very basic, like preferred food to secondary reinforcement, reinforcement that is learned over time. Secondary reinforcement results as a child learns to associate positive outcomes with the teacher, with praise, or with tokens that will be rewarded after accumulating the target number. This should be the goal of any reinforcement plan, since typically developing children and adults often work hard and long for secondary reinforcement, like parental praise, a paycheck at the end of the month, the regard and esteem of peers or their community. A teacher needs to have a full quiver of edible, physical, sensory, and social reinforcers. The best and most powerful reinforcer is the teacher her or himself. When you dish out lots of reinforcement, lots of praise and perhaps a good measure of fun you will find you dont need a lot of rewards and prizes. Reinforcement also needs to be delivered randomly, widening the gap between each reinforcer in what is referred to as a variable schedule. Reinforcement delivered on a regular (say every third probe) is less likely to make the learned behavior permanent. Educational Tasks Successful discrete trial training is based on well designed, measurable IEP goals. Those goals will designate the number of successive successful trials, the correct response (name, indicate, point, etc.) and may, in the case of many children on the spectrum, have progressive benchmarks that go from simple to more complex responses. Example: When presented with pictures of farm animals in a field of four, Rodney will point to the correct animal requested by the teacher 18 out of 20 trials, for 3 consecutive probes. In discrete trial training, the teacher will present four pictures of farm animals and have Rodney point to one of the animals: Rodney, point to the pig. Good Job! Rodney, point to the cow. Good job! Massed or Interspersed Tasks Discrete trials training is also called massed trials, though this is actually a misnomer. Massed trials is when a large number of a single task are repeated in quick succession. In the example above, Rodney would just see pictures of farm animals. The teacher will do massed trials of a single task, and then start massed trials of a second set of tasks. The alternate form of discrete trial training is interspersal of tasks. The teacher or therapist brings several tasks to the table and asks the child to do them alternately. You might ask a child to point to the pig, and then ask the child to touch his nose. Tasks continue to be delivered quickly.

Free Essays on Major Molineux

of Bob Dylan, â€Å" These times, they are changing,† a symbolic message, echoes in the form of a relationship between the self and the world of a reality created by the eyes of the beholder. This reality of perception, manifested by the individual, is constantly evolving through experience, self-enlightenment, and the acquiring of knowledge. The poet and author Nathaniel Hawthorne illustrates these natural truths in the outward appearance of a short story titled â€Å" My Kinsman, Major Molineux.† Within the contents of this tale, a young lad named Robin sets off from his home in the country, on a journey to the little metropolis of a New England colony in search of his uncle Major Molineux. Robin’s intentions are to fulfill a past year’s promise given by his affluent uncle to come and live with him in the city. With a scant amount of wages given to him by his father, and the tattered articles of clothing on his back, this youth optimistically ventures on the road of self-discovery. Through several encounters with the local inhabitance, Robin’s black and white perceptions of the world around him, begin to blend into gray, as he starts to question the very basis of his understanding, stemming from what his uncle had told him just one year earlier. This transition involves the abandoning of the preset notions of adolescence in exchange for the knowledge that one gains through their own experiences. In Robin’s case, these experiences open his eyes to what kind of man ! his uncle really is. Delving further into the inquisition of these natural truths, one must examine their underlying effects on the central characters of the story to understand how the changes of one’s reality are at a constant rate. The character of Major Molineux represents an ego trapped within a self-indulged idealism. He refuses to adaptively change to the world around him, maintaining an out of date mode of thinking. At ... Free Essays on Major Molineux Free Essays on Major Molineux In the immortal words of Bob Dylan, â€Å" These times, they are changing,† a symbolic message, echoes in the form of a relationship between the self and the world of a reality created by the eyes of the beholder. This reality of perception, manifested by the individual, is constantly evolving through experience, self-enlightenment, and the acquiring of knowledge. The poet and author Nathaniel Hawthorne illustrates these natural truths in the outward appearance of a short story titled â€Å" My Kinsman, Major Molineux.† Within the contents of this tale, a young lad named Robin sets off from his home in the country, on a journey to the little metropolis of a New England colony in search of his uncle Major Molineux. Robin’s intentions are to fulfill a past year’s promise given by his affluent uncle to come and live with him in the city. With a scant amount of wages given to him by his father, and the tattered articles of clothing on his back, this youth optimistically ventures on the road of self-discovery. Through several encounters with the local inhabitance, Robin’s black and white perceptions of the world around him, begin to blend into gray, as he starts to question the very basis of his understanding, stemming from what his uncle had told him just one year earlier. This transition involves the abandoning of the preset notions of adolescence in exchange for the knowledge that one gains through their own experiences. In Robin’s case, these experiences open his eyes to what kind of man ! his uncle really is. Delving further into the inquisition of these natural truths, one must examine their underlying effects on the central characters of the story to understand how the changes of one’s reality are at a constant rate. The character of Major Molineux represents an ego trapped within a self-indulged idealism. He refuses to adaptively change to the world around him, maintaining an out of date mode of thinking. At ...